Gynaecology, Obstetrics And Infertility

Abnormal sperm Morphology refers to the shape and structure of sperm cells that that might affect the ability of the sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. This can decrease fertility issues. Making positive lifestyle changes can help improve the sperm health.

Adenomyosis is the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium that can lead to enlarged uterus and can cause heavy bleeding, cramps, menstrual irregularities etc. Minimal invasive surgeries and Endometrial ablation or hysterectomy may be done to remove the uterus.

Anaemia in pregnancy is commonly seen where a woman has low red blood cells. It is important for pregnant women to have their iron levels checked regularly and take supplements to prevent complications.

Cervical Dysplasia is the presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix which are precancerous that could develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. It can be caused by Human Papillomavirus infection, smoking or a family history. Treatments include Cryotherapy, laser therapy and cone biopsy to remove the cone shaped piece of tissue from the cervix.

Pseudocyesis also called false pregnancy where a person experiences symptoms of pregnancy like missed periods, abdominal swelling and even labour pains. Treatment includes psychological therapy and medical intervention

Vaginitis an inflammation of the vagina that leads to pain, itching and vaginal discharge which is often treated with antibiotics, antifungal medications. Bacterial vaginosis is an infection caused by bacterias in the vagina that leads to the discharge, vaginal itching and irritation. Antibiotics either oral or topical might help. Yeast infections called candidiasis affecting the genital area causing itching and irritation can be treated by topical antifungal creams or oral medicines can be used. Atrophic Vaginitis is a condition of vaginal wall thinning, drying and inflammation due to decrease in estrogen levels. Can be caused due to menopause, hormonal changes, chemotherapy to the pelvic area and certain medications. It can be cured by hormone therapy, lifestyle changes and using vaginal lubricants and moisturizers. Lichen Sclerosus are white patches of skin often in the genital and anal area causing itching, discomfort and pain. The treatment involves topical corticosteroids to reduce the inflammation. Labial fusion also called labial adhesion where the inner vaginal lipstick together which is common in young girls and usually resolves on it’s own. If it persists then medical treatment may be required. Clitoral hyperthrophy is an enlargement of clitoris which can be caused due to hormonal imbalances or certain medical conditions. Hormone therapy may be recommended and in some cases surgery may be needed to reduce the size of clitoris. Sexually transmitted infections STIs are infections spread through sexual contact. Common STIs are chlamydia caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect both men and women, gonorrhea caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae affects the mucous membrane of the urethra, cervix and rectum, Trichomoniasis which is caused by a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. All this leads to itching, redness, discomfort during urination and can be treated with antibiotics. Safe sex practices can help prevent the risk of transmission.

Vulvar cancer occurs on the external female genitalia, the vulva. It can be caused by weak immune system, smoking or conditions like lichen sclerosus can increase the risk. The areas of the vulva might become red or darker than usual, unusual bleeding and discharge not related to menstruation. Treatment includes surgery to remove the tumor, radiation, chemo and targeted therapy are often used.